# Other publication details

EIA specification:
Discussion of methods and practical advise for the drafting and the quality assurance of Habitat Assessment studies

Habitats assessment specification:
Discussion of methods and practical advise for the drafting and the quality assurance of EIA studies


Spatial planning specification:
Maps of Suitable Areas for Offshore Wind Farms (pilot phase and possible realisation after 2010) as well as undersea cables

Protected areas specification:
Maps of defined and proposed Special Protection Areas according to the Bird directive and Habitats directive


Spatial planning specification:
the project will work out technical and procedural requirements that provide a successful integration of nature conservation interests in spatial planning


SEA specification:
discussion of legal, planning related und ecological aspects of SEA

Spatial planning specification:
particular regard to SEA of upcoming spatial development plans for the German EEZ


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
with regard to impacts on bird migration avoidance mesures will be discussed


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
activities outside the main period of calving and reducing the use of MOB boats for transportation


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
usage of a scaring device befor starting ramming


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
It is concluded that so far the two products MI-FORM and PERAMIN F should be substituted.


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Recommendations to minimise impact from construction and operation


EIA specification:
the information can be used in an EIA in the future


Spatial planning specification:
Monitoring and Evaluation Program Near Shore Windfarm


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
light color, lights on top, 1000-2000 m between turbines; stop turbines during periods of high collision risks; erosion protection at the base of the pole; closure of the area 500m around the park leads to a shelters for organims;


Spatial planning specification:
six potential location for Near Shore Windfarm compared.


EIA specification:
Requirements of TWA and FEPA and relevant European legislation


Spatial planning specification:
guide for spatial planning taking the seascape into account


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Assess the extent to which: a) the generators could block or hinder the view of other vessels under way on any route; b) the generators could block or hinder the view of the coastline or of any other navigational feature such as buoys, lights, promontories, etc.


Spatial planning specification:
potential locations of windfarms identified


SEA specification:
2004: Latest date for SEA Directive to be transposed to complement the EIA Directive


SEA specification:
If there are potential trans-boundary effects, international cooperation with other governments should be sought; SEA's should include indicative mapping of bird populations, their habitats, flyaways and migration routes and an assessment of probable effects

Spatial planning specification:
minimum of one year baseline study needs to be undertaken


Other specification:
Uk Biodiversity Action Plan, FAO International Plan for conservation and management of sharks


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
special species have been taken into account in the location of the wind farm


Protected areas specification:
Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protection Areas
(SPAs). Together, these form the Natura 2000 series of sites.


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
There is likely to be an engineering requirement to protect each structure against scour through the use of suitable sized materials. Insulation of cable to prevent electromagnetic fields.


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Construction must be scheduled to avoid spawning periods, particularly mid-January to May. To ensure minimal impact on both fish and mammals pile driving should start gently to allow individuals to move away from the noise source.


Environmental improvements specification:
Atmospheric Pollutants Saved per year: CO2: 203,407 Tonnes; SO2: 2365 Tonnes; NO2: 709 Tonnes


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Mitigation such as avoiding this sensitive season (between November and March) to minimise impact on divers.

Environmental improvements specification:
Reduction of total amount of up to 8.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 20 years;


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Monopiling work, if required, will be avoided during the peak diver season (from November to March), and the peak gannet periods in November.

Environmental improvements specification:
Over a 25-year lifetime, the project would therefore reduce emissions by approximately 5,000,000 tonnes of CO2, 59,000 tonnes of SO2 and 18,000 tonnes of NOx.


Protected areas specification:
Surveys of Liverpool Bay during 2000/2001 have demonstrated that the inshore waters of Liverpool Bay have wintering populations of Common scoter and Red-throated diver that could justify classification of parts of the Bay as European Designated Sites for these species.

Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Scour protection may be required around the base of the turbine support structures, primarily for structural stability of the support structures. To significantly minimise any adverse effects, cables will buried during the winter period when the numbers of salmon and sea trout in the estuary are expected to be at their lowest.


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
An oil spill contingency plan would be put in place to minimise pollution effects.


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
It is recommended that navigational aids are as far as possible fitted on the turbines pre-installation.


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Developers are required to conduct risk assessments and take protective measures


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Control at source (good engineering, bubble curtains), passive acoustic monitoring, scheduling, soft start, etc


Avoidance and mitigation specification:
Recommend procedures during construction and operation, review wind farm position, carry out Risk Assessment


# Related list

related to offshore windfarm:
report / study regarding a research project (e.g. monitoring)


related to offshore windfarm:
expert opinion (e.g. about possible environmental effects)


related to offshore windfarm:
guideline (e.g. for ecological examinations)


related to offshore windfarm:
report on planning instrument (e.g. EIA, SEA; Habitats Assessment)


# Study type list

Study type:
study related to a specific windfarm project


# Subject choice list

Subjects choice:
men (coastal inhabitants, tourists etc.)


# Type of institution list

Type of institution:
licensing authority (for offshore wind farms)


Type of institution:
national electric utility / power authority


# Visual landscape

Subject:
men (coastal inhabitants, tourists etc.)


